Which concept frames feminism as opposing patriarchy and the domination of women by men?

• A. Gauntlett: Identity
• B. Bell Hooks: Ideology of Domination
• C. Gramsci: Hegemony
• D. Van Zoonen: Gender & Power

Answer: (B)

bell hooks' idea of Ideology of Domination frames feminism as opposing patriarchy and the domination of women by men. This view treats patriarchy as an overarching system of power rooted in cultural beliefs and institutions, which feminism seeks to challenge and dismantle. In this lens, gender inequality isn’t just about individual actions but about an ideology that normalizes domination across society, including media, education, and law. The other thinkers offer important angles—Gauntlett focuses on how media shapes identity; Gramsci explains how ruling groups maintain power through cultural consent (hegemony); Van Zoonen analyzes how gender and power operate in media—but they do not center feminism as a direct opposition to patriarchy in the same explicit, systemic sense as hooks' Ideology of Domination.